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寫入

當您需要更新合約中的某些狀態時，可以與智能合約進行**"事務 "**交互。

從web3py_ext導入extend，將 web3 擴展為 kaia web3

導入必要的實用程序

從私人密鑰加載賬戶

使用指定的 kairos 測試網 URL 創建 Web3 實例

此外，您還可以將提供商 URL 從 kairos 更改為 quicknode 。

將賬戶列表定義為使用中間件的列表類型

如果想在使用 transact 函數時自動簽名和發送，請使用 construct_sign_and_send_raw_middleware

創建一個合約實例，並標明其地址和 ABI

設置在部署教程中部署的合約地址（計數器合約）。 您可以在部署 tx 收據中看到地址

設置合約 abi。 使用 remix 或 solc 編譯器編譯後，可以獲得 ABI

調用合約的視圖函數，並在更新之前打印結果

發送一份文件，以更新合約的狀態。 這將自動簽署併發送包含數據的 tx，調用增量函數**

等待來自區塊鏈的發送收據，並在收到後打印**收據

再次調用視圖函數，查看 tx 之後計數器的數字

smart_contract_write.py

from web3py_ext import extend

from web3 import Web3

from eth_account import Account

from web3.middleware import construct_sign_and_send_raw_middleware

user = Account.from_key('0x4a72b3d09c3d5e28e8652e0111f9c4ce252e8299aad95bb219a38eb0a3f4da49')

w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider(

'https://public-en-kairos.node.kaia.io'

))

acc_list = [user]

w3.middleware_onion.add(construct_sign_and_send_raw_middleware(acc_list))

def contract_interaction():

c = w3.eth.contract(

address="0x95Be48607498109030592C08aDC9577c7C2dD505",

abi = [{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"initNumber","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":False,"inputs":[{"indexed":False,"internalType":"uint256","name":"number","type":"uint256"}],"name":"SetNumber","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"increment","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"number","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"newNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"setNumber","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]

)

# call view function

print('\nnumber before: ', c.functions.number().call())

tx_hash = c.functions.increment().transact({

'from':user.address

})

print('receipt: ', w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash))

print('\nnumber after: ', c.functions.number().call())

contract_interaction()

output

❯ py smart_contract_write.py

number before: 293

receipt: AttributeDict({'blockHash': HexBytes('0x1025a3b580e904459af4a7a03adf8322cef2cd2e6e412abf04f6eee69f9ae877'), 'blockNumber': 147329610, 'contractAddress': None, 'cumulativeGasUsed': 361377, 'effectiveGasPrice': 25000000000, 'from': '0x24e8eFD18D65bCb6b3Ba15a4698c0b0d69d13fF7', 'gasUsed': 28014, 'logs': [AttributeDict({'address': '0x95Be48607498109030592C08aDC9577c7C2dD505', 'topics': [HexBytes('0x331bb01bcf77ec721a35a558a7984e8e6ca33b507d3ee1dd13b76f64381e54d4')], 'data': HexBytes('0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000126'), 'blockNumber': 147329610, 'transactionHash': HexBytes('0xc04fd483bc3efe7ce61e65ded491eccb5f5401267f8e95bdae2bcc3356aab561'), 'transactionIndex': 2, 'blockHash': HexBytes('0x1025a3b580e904459af4a7a03adf8322cef2cd2e6e412abf04f6eee69f9ae877'), 'logIndex': 6, 'removed': False})], 'logsBloom': HexBytes('0x00000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001200000002'), 'status': 1, 'to': '0x95Be48607498109030592C08aDC9577c7C2dD505', 'transactionHash': HexBytes('0xc04fd483bc3efe7ce61e65ded491eccb5f5401267f8e95bdae2bcc3356aab561'), 'transactionIndex': 2, 'type': 2})

number after: 294