Genesis File
This page describes the details of genesis.json
file.
Genesis JSON File Structure β
The genesis.json
file structure is described in the following table.
Field Name | Description |
---|---|
config | The blokchain configuration. See the section Config. |
nonce | (deprecated) This field is derived from the Ethereum, but not used in Kaia. |
timestamp | The unix time when a block is created. |
extraData | The data combined field for signer vanity and RLP-encoded istanbul extra data that contains validator list, proposer seal, and commit seals. |
gasLimit | The maximum gas amount that used in a block. |
difficulty | (deprecated) This field is derived from the Ethereum, but not used in Kaia. |
mixhash | (deprecated) This field is derived from the Ethereum, but not used in Kaia. |
coinbase | An address to which miner receives the reward. This field is only used for Clique consensus engine. |
alloc | The predefined accounts. |
number | The block number field. |
gasUsed | The amount of the gas which used for a block. |
parentHash | The hash value of the previous block. |
Config β
The config
field stores the information related to the chain.
Field Name | Description |
---|---|
chainId | It identifies the current chain and is used for prevention from the replay attack. |
istanbulCompatibleBlock | A block number to which istanbul change is applied. |
istanbul, clique | The type of consensus engine. |
unitPrice | Unit price. |
deriveShaImpl | Defines a method to generate transaction hash and receipt hash. |
governance | Governance information of the network. See the section Governance |
extraData β
The field extraData
is a concatenation of the proposer vanity and the RLP-encoded istanbul extra data:
- The proposer vanity is 32-byte data which contains arbitrary proposer vanity data.
- The rest of the data is RLP-encoded istanbul extra data containing:
- Validators: the list of validators in ascending order.
- Seal: the proposer signature of the header. For
genesis.json
, it is a byte array initialized with 650x0
. - CommittedSeal: the list of commitment signature seals as consensus proof. For
genesis.json
, it is an empty array.
Example
Field | Type | Value |
---|---|---|
Vanity | 32-byte hex string | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
Validators | []address | [0x48009b4e20ec72aadf306577cbe2eaf54b0ebb16,0x089fcc42fd83baeee4831319375413b8bae3aceb] |
Seal | byte array of 65 elements | [0x0,...,0x0] |
CommittedSeal | [][]byte | [] |
extraData
with the above data is created by
concat('0x',Vanity,RLPEncode({Validators,Seal,CommittedSeal}))
where concat
is a string concatenation function, and RLPEncode
is a function to convert a given structure to an RLP-encoded string.
With this function, the output extraData
for this example is 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f86fea9448009b4e20ec72aadf306577cbe2eaf54b0ebb1694089fcc42fd83baeee4831319375413b8bae3acebb8410000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c0.
Consensus Engine β
The available consensus engines for Kaia network are Clique and Istanbul. Each engine is explained as follows.
Clique β
The clique
field stores the configuration for Proof-Of-Authority (POA) based sealing.
Fields | Description |
---|---|
period | The minimum time interval between the consecutive blocks (unit: second). |
epoch | The number of blocks to reset votes and marked as a checkpoint. |
Istanbul β
The istanbul
field stores the configuration for Istanbul based sealing.
Fields | Description |
---|---|
epoch | The number of blocks to reset votes to be a checkpoint. |
policy | The block proposer selection policy. [0: Round Robin, 1: Sticky, 2: Weighted Random] |
sub | Committee size. |
Governance β
The governance
field stores governance information for a network.
Fields | Description |
---|---|
governanceMode | One of three governance modes. [none , single , ballot ] |
governingNode | Designated governing node's address. It only works if the governance mode is single . |
reward | It stores the reward configuration. See the section Reward. |
Reward β
The reward
field stores the information about the network's token economy.
Fields | Description |
---|---|
mintingAmount | Amount of kei minted when a block is generated. Double quotation marks are needed for a value. |
ratio | Distribution rate for a CN/KIR/PoC separated by / . The sum of all values has to be 100. |
useGiniCoeff | Use GINI coefficient or not. |
deferredTxFee | A way to distribute TX fee for a block. |
stakingUpdateInterval | Time interval in block height to update staking information. |
proposerUpdateInterval | Time interval in block height to update proposer information. |
minimumStake | Minimum amount of kei to join Core Cell Operators. |
Example β
{ "config": { "chainId": 2019, "istanbulCompatibleBlock": 0, "istanbul": { "epoch": 604800, "policy": 2, "sub": 13 }, "unitPrice": 25000000000, "deriveShaImpl": 2, "governance": { "governingNode": "0x46b0bd6380005952759f605d02a6365552c776f3", "governanceMode": "single", "reward": { "mintingAmount": 6400000000000000000, "ratio": "50/40/10", "useGiniCoeff": true, "deferredTxFee": true, "stakingUpdateInterval": 86400, "proposerUpdateInterval": 3600, "minimumStake": 5000000 } } }, "nonce": "0x0", "timestamp": "0x5c9af60e", "extraData": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f89af85494aeae0ab623d4118ac62a2decc386949b5ce67ce29446b0bd6380005952759f605d02a6365552c776f394699b607851c878e29499672f42a769b71f74be8e94e67598eb5831164574c876994d53f63eab4f36d7b8410000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c0", "gasLimit": "0xe8d4a50fff", "difficulty": "0x1", "mixHash": "0x63746963616c2062797a616e74696e65206661756c7420746f6c6572616e6365", "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "alloc": { "0000000000000000000000000000000000000400": { "code": "0x6080604052600436106101505763ffffffff60e00a165627a7a7230582093756fe617053766b158f7c64998c746eb38f0d5431cc50231cc9fb2cd1fd9950029", "balance": "0x0" }, "46b0bd6380005952759f605d02a6365552c776f3": { "balance": "0x446c3b15f9926687d2c40534fdb564000000000000" }, "699b607851c878e29499672f42a769b71f74be8e": { "balance": "0x446c3b15f9926687d2c40534fdb564000000000000" }, "aeae0ab623d4118ac62a2decc386949b5ce67ce2": { "balance": "0x446c3b15f9926687d2c40534fdb564000000000000" }, "e67598eb5831164574c876994d53f63eab4f36d7": { "balance": "0x446c3b15f9926687d2c40534fdb564000000000000" } }, "number": "0x0", "gasUsed": "0x0", "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}